To extract APK (Android app) from a non rooted Android phone you will need to enable developer options and download platform tools from android.com.
To list all the packages in your phone
adb shell pm list packages
Or you can filter it with grep
adb shell pm list packages|grep <filter>
Lets say we are extracting YouTube “com.google.android.youtube”. We will need the path of the APK.
adb shell pm path <package_id>
Lets say we are extracting the base.apk
adb pull <apk_path>